ures of Java


The primary objective of creating the Java programming language was to make it portable, simple, and secure. In addition to this, several excellent features contribute significantly to the popularity of this language. These features are often referred to as Java buzzwords.

Below is a list of the most important features of the Java language.

Java Features
  1. Simple
  2. Object-Oriented
  3. Portable
  4. Platform Independent
  5. Secured
  6. Robust
  7. Architecture Neutral
  8. Interpreted
  9. High Performance
  10. Multithreaded
  11. Distributed
  12. Dynamic

Simple

Java is easy to learn, with a syntax that is simple, clean, and easy to understand. According to Sun Microsystems, Java is a simple programming language because:

  • Java syntax is based on C++, making it easier for programmers to learn after C++.
  • Java has eliminated many complex and seldom-used features, such as explicit pointers and operator overloading.
  • There is no need to remove unreferenced objects because Java has Automatic Garbage Collection.

Object-Oriented

Java is an object-oriented programming language where everything is an object. Object-oriented programming means that we organize our software as a combination of various types of objects that incorporate both data and behavior.

Java Features

Object-Oriented Programming (OOP) is a methodology that simplifies software development and maintenance by providing specific rules.

The basic concepts of OOP are:

  1. Object
  2. Class
  3. Inheritance
  4. Polymorphism
  5. Abstraction
  6. Encapsulation

Portable

Java's portability allows programs to run on various platforms without modification. This is achievable because Java code is compiled into bytecode, which is independent of the underlying hardware and operating system. The JVM on each system interprets this bytecode, ensuring platform compatibility.

Java Features

This portability makes Java ideal for cross-platform applications, allowing developers to write code once and run it anywhere with a compatible JVM. This key reason contributes to Java's widespread use in enterprise applications, web development, and mobile platforms.

Platform Independent

Java is platform independent

Java is platform-independent because it differs from other languages like C, C++, etc., which are compiled into platform-specific machines. In contrast, Java is a "write once, run anywhere" language. A platform refers to the hardware or software environment in which a program runs.

There are two types of platforms: software-based and hardware-based. Java offers a software-based platform.

The Java platform differs from most other platforms in that it is a software-based platform running on top of hardware-based platforms. It consists of two components:

  1. Runtime Environment
  2. API (Application Programming Interface)

Java code can be executed on multiple platforms, such as Windows, Linux, Sun Solaris, and Mac/OS. It is compiled by the compiler and converted into bytecode. This bytecode is platform-independent because it can run on various platforms, i.e., Write Once and Run Anywhere (WORA).

Secured

Java is renowned for its security. With Java, we can create virus-free systems. Java is secure because:

  • No explicit pointer
  • Java Programs run inside a virtual machine sandbox
how Java is secured
  • Classloader: Classloader in Java is a component of the Java Runtime Environment (JRE) that dynamically loads Java classes into the Java Virtual Machine. It enhances security by differentiating the package for classes from the local file system and those imported from network sources.
  • Bytecode Verifier: It checks code fragments for illegal code that can violate access rights to objects.
  • Security Manager: It specifies which resources a class can access, such as reading from and writing to the local disk.

The Java language provides these securities by default. Additionally, some security features can also be explicitly implemented by an application developer through SSL, JAAS, cryptography, and so on.

Robust

The English mining of Robust is strong. Java is robust for the following reasons:

  • It employs strong memory management.
  • There is a deficiency of pointers that prevent security issues.
  • Java offers automatic garbage collection, which operates on the Java Virtual Machine to dispose of objects that are no longer being utilized by a Java application.
  • Java includes exception handling and type checking mechanisms. All these factors contribute to making Java robust.

Architecture-Neutral

Java is architecture-neutral because it lacks implementation-dependent features; for instance, the size of primitive types is fixed.

In C programming, the int data type occupies 2 bytes of memory in a 32-bit architecture and 4 bytes in a 64-bit architecture. However, it occupies 4 bytes of memory in both 32-bit and 64-bit architectures in Java.

Interpreted

Java's interpreted feature means that Java code is not directly converted into machine code by a compiler. Instead, first, it compiled into bytecode, then executed by the JVM through an interpreter. It allows Java to be platform-independent, meaning the same bytecode can run on any system with a JVM.


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